Checkout



To Feed a Hummingbird

 

The sixth in the backyard wildlife series, this NebGuide describes plants and nectar feeding for attracting hummingbirds to your backyard in Nebraska.  Portions edited by Songbird Garden.


Ron J. Johnson, Extension Wildlife Specialist
Donald H. Steinegger, Extension horticulturist


Four species of hummingbirds are found in Nebraska, one in the east and three in the west. Ruby-throated hummingbirds migrate through eastern Nebraska in spring and fall, and some nest here, mostly along the Missouri river valley. Typically, ruby-throat migration in Nebraska peaks about May 5-17 and September 2-18, but northward migration may occur from April to June and southward flights from August to early October. Broad-tailed and rufous hummingbirds are seen in the Nebraska panhandle during fall migration from late July to early September with most sightings in early to mid-August. Calliope hummingbirds are seen rarely in the panhandle area. These four hummingbird species spend winter in Mexico and Central America.

What They Eat

The natural diet of hummers is flower nectar, tree sap, and small insects and spiders that are often captured in or near flowers. This natural diet can be supplemented by hummingbird feeders, which dispense a sugar water solution. Flowers blooming through the season, however, are needed when hummingbirds are present to attract them and to provide the natural foods required for a complete diet.

Planting for Hummingbirds

Flowers add beauty and a place where hummingbirds can find both flower nectar and insects to eat.

Table 1 lists recommended herbaceous plants that can provide a variety of flowers for hummingbirds when they are present in your rural or urban community. These landscape plants provide beauty as well as a natural foraging area where hummingbirds can find both flower nectar and small insects to eat. Select plants that provide flowers throughout the season, especially at times when you expect hummingbirds. Include red varieties of the plants listed because red tubular flowers appear to be especially attractive to hummingbirds. Some of the plants listed occur both as wildflowers and as cultivated varieties. Where these wildflowers are growing naturally, maintaining them can benefit hummingbirds. For planting, check with nurseries for availability of either wildflowers or cultivated varieties.

Trees and shrubs form the framework of your landscape and these also can benefit hummingbirds. Common flowering shrubs favored by hummingbirds include Coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus and other species), Weigela (Weigela florida), and Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus). Other shrubs used include Honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), Beauty Bush (Kolkwitzia amabilis), Currant (Ribes odoratum), and Gooseberry (Ribes speciosum). Trees used by hummingbirds include Flowering Crab (Malus spp.), Hawthorne (Crataegus spp.), Horsechestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera), and Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). In maintaining flowering plants, it's best to avoid insecticide use around the flowers, because hummingbirds depend on small insects as part of their diet.

Nectar Feeding

Commercial "nectar" solutions for hummingbirds can be purchased or easily made by mixing one part granulated white sugar (common table variety) with four parts water. For example, mix 1/4 cup sugar with one cup water. Boil the water, dissolve the sugar, then allow to cool before filling the feeder. Keep leftover portions refrigerated until needed. Change the mix every few days, more often in hot weather, and clean the feeder each time before refilling to prevent molds that can harm the birds.

Feeders can be cleaned by either rinsing with hot water, filling with vinegar and uncooked rice and shaking vigorously, or soaking the feeder in a solution of two ounces household bleach mixed with one gallon of water. A stiff bottle brush may help but avoid soaps because residues may interfere with the capillary action of the feeder.

When selecting a hummingbird feeder, look for one that's easy to fill and clean and without too many nooks and crannies. Some red on the feeder is desirable because it seems to attract hummingbirds, and bee guards (grids or screens) over the feeding ports help discourage bees. Hang the feeder from a tree branch or on a deck or porch, preferably in partial shade, near flowers, and out of the wind. Consider using more than one feeder to prevent an aggressive male hummingbird from dominating and to add viewing opportunities. For example, place a feeder near your hummingbird flowers and another closer to your home or viewing windows. Place feeders out in time for expected arrivals and continue until hummingbirds migrate on.

More Feeding Tips

Avoid honey mixtures for feeding because there is increased potential for spoilage and harmful molds. Also, avoid red food coloring; the red tip or plastic flower on the feeding spout is sufficient and there is some concern that the food coloring might be harmful. If your feeder doesn't have red, you can add a red plastic flower, red ribbon, red tape, or even red nail polish on the surface of feeding ports. To prevent ants from coming to the feeder, keep the outside clean and, if needed, coat the feeder hanger or the spout with salad oil or petroleum jelly. To deter bees, some feeders have bee guards, and another possible approach is to repel bees by rubbing Avon Skin-so-soft® or Off Skintastic® onto the feeder surface by the feeder ports.

To help attract small insects eaten by hummingbirds, hang an overripe banana peal or cantaloupe near the feeder; a mesh produce sack makes a convenient holder. Finally, to benefit hummingbirds, use all pesticides wisely and only when needed. And minimize insecticide use, especially around flowers, because hummingbirds depend on small insects as part of their diet.

Table I. Herbaceous plants that attract hummingbirds

Plants

Sun
Exposure

Moisture
Preference

Flowering
Time

Comments

Rose-of-Sharon
Hibiscus syriacus

 

Full sun to partial shade

Moist; well-drained

Late summer to early fall

Perennial shrub that may die back to the ground each year.

American columbine
Aquilegia hybrids

Full sun to partial shade

Moist; well-drained

Late spring early summer

Short-lived herbaceous perennial. In full sun locations, protect from hot afternoon sun.

 

Bee balm
(Oswego tea, or Scarlet bergamot)
Monarda didyma

 

Full sun

Moist

Summer

Herbaceous perennial. Many cultivars - select powdery mildew resistant types. Remove faded flowers (dead head). Not drought tolerant.

Blazing stars
Liatris spp.

Full sun or light shade

Moist; well-drained

Midsummer to late fall

 

Perennial. Several species and cultivars available.

Butterfly-bush
Buddleia davidii

Full sun

Moist; well-drained; cool

Early summer

Behaves as a herbaceous perennial in our climate. Many cultivars.

 

Clematis
Clematis × jackmanii and other species

East exposure; sun

Moist; well-drained; cool soil

 

Early summer

Perennial. Many cultivars - some natives; mulch soil to keep cool; avoid hot afternoon sun.

Coral bells
Heuchera sanguinea

Sun to partial shade

Moist; well-drained

Late spring

Herbaceous perennial; Needs high organic soils - avoid clay

 

Daylily
Hemerocallis spp. and hybrids

Sun to partial shade

Moist to dry, well-drained

Late spring to summer

Herbaceous perennial. Many hybrids - use different hybrids and species to obtain season long bloom.

 

Foxglove
Digitalis purpurea

Semi-shade

Moist; well-drained

 

Spring

Biennial; self-sows and maintains itself.

Garden phlox (Perennial phlox)
Phlox paniculata

Sun

Moist; well-drained

Summer

Herbaceous perennial. Requires site with good air movement; avoid overhead watering, or water in early morning; many cultivars; mildew a serious problem.

 

Gladiolas
Gladiolus spp.

Sun

Moist; well-drained

Summer

Perennial, but store corm indoors over winter; protect from wind

 

Hardy fuchsia
Fuchsia riccartoni

Sun in morning; shade in afternoon

Moist; well-drained

Summer, fall

Not hardy in Nebraska; grow in a container and bring indoors in winter.

 

Hollyhock
Alcea Rosea (Althaea rosa)

 

Sun

Moist; well-drained

Summer, fall

Biennial. Self-sows; maintains single flower type

Honeysuckle Trumpet
Lonicera sempervirens and hybrids such as Brown's honeysuckle.

 

Sun to shade

Moist; well-drained

Spring; sparsely thereafter

Perennial vine.

Hosta
Hosta spp.

Semi-shade

Moist; well-drained

Early summer to late summer

 

Herbaceous perennial.

Moss pink
Phlox subulata

Full sun

Moist; well-drained

 

Early spring

Herbaceous perennial.

Nasturtium
Tropaeolum spp.

Sun; avoid hot sites

 

Dry, low N soils

Summer, fall

Annual.

Penstemon
Penstemon gloxinoides and other species

 

Sun

Dry; well-drained

Spring to summer

Herbaceous perennial.

Petunia
Petunia × hybrida

 

Full sun

Well-drained

Summer to frost

Annual.

Salvia or sage (red and others)
Salvia splendens and others

 

Sun to light shade

Moist; well-drained

Spring to frost

Annual to herbaceous perennial. Tolerates some moisture stress, but with reduced flowering.

Flowering tobacco
Nicotiana alata

Full sun to partial shade

Moist; well-drained

 

Summer, fall

Annual.

Scarlet runner pole bean
Phaseolus coccineus

 

Sun

Well-drained

Summer

Annual vine.

Scarlet trumpet creeper
Campsis radicans

 

Sun

Well-drained

Summer

Annual vine.

Wild blue phlox
Phlox divaricata

Shade

Moist; well-drained

 

Spring

Herbaceous perennial.

Zinnias
Zinnia elegans

Full sun

Well-drained

Summer, fall

Annual.